The College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Chemistry, reviewed a master's thesis on "Preparation and Characterization of Indole-Based Hybrid Derivatives of Galcones and Pyrazolenes and Studying Their Anti-Ovarian Cancer Activity."

The thesis, submitted by researcher Sajjad Abbas Shabeeb, aimed to prepare a series of indole-based hybrid derivatives of galcones and pyrazolenes using three preparation methods: the conventional method, the sonic method, and microwave technology. The results of comparing these methods showed that microwave technology was the best, as it was characterized by a shorter reaction time and achieved excellent yields compared to the other methods, in addition to being an environmentally friendly method.

All prepared compounds were characterized using proton magnetic resonance (HNMR), carbon-13CMR, HR-mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The spectra confirmed the proposed structures of the prepared compounds. The biological activity of the prepared chalcone compounds against ovarian cancer cells was also studied. The results, based on IC50 values, demonstrated the high efficacy of the chalcone compounds against the growth of ovarian cancer cells. Molecular docking calculations of indole chalcone compounds on the EGFR protein were performed. The results showed the types of interactions that occur between the receptor protein and the prepared compounds (ligands), in addition to the binding energy values ​​between the compound and the protein.

The thesis also included the possibility of preparing indole chalcone derivatives with very good yields using non-traditional methods, as well as the preparation of indole pyrazolene derivatives with very good yields using ultrasound and microwaves compared to the traditional method. Furthermore, it explored the use of phenylhydrazine derivatives substituted with different groups on the aromatic ring and studied the effect of these groups on activity against other cancer lines, such as lung and liver cancer. The study also extended the theoretical study of the prepared compounds in the field of nonlinear optics and measured the toxicity of indole chalcone derivatives on living human cells

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